HER2 Breast Cancer Status
After breast cancer is diagnosed, the breast tissue is tested for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a protein receptor that controls cell growth and division. If the tissue has an excessive amount of HER2, the cells may multiply uncontrollably, then build up and form tumors. Although HER2-positive breast cancers tend to grow rapidly, spread and recur, there are potentially effective treatment options that specifically target the HER2 characteristic.
The experienced team in Tampa General Hospital’s Cancer Institute and renowned Breast Cancer Center considers many unique factors, including the HER2 breast cancer status, when planning treatment for our patients. We utilize cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment techniques to help ensure that each patient receives the most appropriate and individualized treatment plan for their diagnosis.
What Causes HER2-Positive Breast Cancer?
Much like HER2-negative breast cancer, the precise causes of HER2-positive breast cancer are not yet fully understood. In approximately one of every five cases, the cancer cells have an extra copy of the gene that produces the HER2 protein. However, the HER2 gene cannot be inherited from a parent or passed down to a child. Scientists believe breast cancer in general is likely triggered by a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors.
What Are the Symptoms of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer?
The hallmark sign of HER2-positive breast cancer is the presence of excess HER2 proteins, which do not produce symptoms and can only be identified through lab testing. The noticeable symptoms of HER2-positive breast cancer align with typical breast cancer symptoms, which include:
- A breast lump or mass
- A change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast or nipple in a short time
- Breast tenderness, swelling, hardness or warmth
- Discharge from a nipple (other than breastmilk)
How Is HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
If breast cancer is suspected based on the symptoms or the results of a mammogram, a physician will typically order a biopsy to obtain a sample of breast tissue for further evaluation. The diagnostic process will include testing for the HER2 protein, which may involve:
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – A pathologist stains the cells with antibodies linked to an enzyme or fluorescent dye, then uses a microscope to observe the resulting color changes in the HER2 protein.
- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) – A pathologist adds fluorescent DNA fragments to the cells, which adhere to the HER2 protein and can be viewed and counted under a microscope.
In addition to HER2, breast cancer is usually tested for estrogen and progesterone receptors, which bind to hormones that fuel cancer growth. HER2-positive breast cancers can be ER- and/or PR-positive or negative. For instance, luminal A and luminal B tumors, which originate in the inner (luminal) cells that line the milk ducts, tend to be HER2-negative and ER-positive.
How Is HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated?
HER2-positive breast cancers can often be effectively treated with medications that specifically target and block the HER2 receptors to help prevent the cancer cells from growing and spreading. In addition to targeted therapies, other treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer include:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Hormone therapy
- Surgery
Benefit From World-Class Care at TGH
The Breast Cancer Center at TGH offers comprehensive care for all types of breast tumors, including HER2-positive breast cancer. For each patient, we create a highly individualized treatment plan to meet their unique needs. If would like to talk with a member of our team, contact us at (800) 844-4554 to request an appointment.
